Chapter+3


 * Lee and Marlene Canter **
 * Lee Canter: an educator and clinical social worker, devoted to helping educators work effectively with students who have behavior disorders.
 * Marlene Canter: has advanced training in special education
 * The Canters have developed **Assertive Discipline**- a classroom management model in which teachers define and enforce standards for students and classrooms.
 * Canter & Associates: firm in Santa Monica, CA that offers books, videos, multimedia packages, and training (professional development workshops and graduate level courses) in discipline and classroom management.
 * Positive Reinforcement: reward should follow positive behavior. (The Canter’s also believe that “punishment or unpleasant consequences should follow negative behavior.)
 * Negative Consequence: punishment should occur when students act inappropriately; consequences should become more serious if the behavior continues.
 * Nonassertive Style: “I’ve asked you to stop talking, and you continue to do it. Please stop.” (usually ineffective and is used by teachers who fail to establish clear standards of behavior or who fail to follow through with appropriate actions.
 * Hostile Style: “Sit down and shut up!” (using an aversive approach, shouting, using threats and sarcasm.
 * Assertive Style: (Canters praise teaching this style) clearly and specifically placing limits and rewards or consequences on students.
 * Broken-record response: repeating the same or similar request for compliance a maximum of three times before invoking the consequence. (ex. “We do not ask questions without permission- you must raise your hand.”
 * Discipline Hierarchy: informs students of consequences and the order in which they will be imposed.
 * Make consequences appropriate for each grade level.
 * The Canters recommend that class rules should be made by the teacher, perhaps with the help of the students, and post them in the classroom.
 * This theory is what most educators I have been involved with use in today’s classroom. Establishing a set of classroom rules and letting students know exactly what the punishment will be for not following those rules is presented at the beginning of the school year so that students will know what to expect. **